The four European Free Trade Association (EFTA) member states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland, are not members of the EU, but have signed agreements in association with the Schengen Agreement. Of the four EU members that are not part of the Schengen Area, three- Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania-are legally obligated to join the area in the future Ireland maintains an opt-out, and instead operates its own visa policy. Of the 27 EU member states, 23 participate in the Schengen Area. The area is named after the 1985 Schengen Agreement and the 1990 Schengen Convention, both signed in Schengen, Luxembourg. Being an element within the wider area of freedom, security and justice policy of the European Union (EU), it mostly functions as a single jurisdiction under a common visa policy for international travel purposes. The Schengen Area ( English: / ˈ ʃ ɛ ŋ ən/ SHENG-ən, Luxembourgish: ( listen)) is an area comprising 27 European countries that have officially abolished all passport and all other types of border control at their mutual borders. Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union.
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